Scientists believe they have discovered why people who work nightshifts are more prone to weight gain and obesity. Rather than eating more, night workers burn off fewer calories, their research suggests.
科學家認為，他們已經發現上夜班比較會變胖和過胖的原因。他們的研究顯示，上夜班的人不是吃比較多，而是燃燒較少卡路里。
The scientists told the journal PNAS eating at night messed with our body’s natural metabolism.
科學家告訴美國「國家科學院院刊」，晚上吃東西會搞亂身體的自然代謝。
The researchers set up a small trial [where volunteers ate identical amounts as they switched between working days and nights].
研究人員安排小型測試，自願者在日班與夜班工作之間轉換時，吃同樣份量的食物。
For the first two days, the volunteers followed a normal schedule - sleeping at night, staying awake during the day, and eating breakfast, lunch and an evening meal. For the next three, they stayed awake and ate their meals at night and slept during the day. Although the timing of the meals changed, the calorie content remained the same.
最初2天，自願者作息正常──晚上睡覺，白天醒著，吃早餐、午餐與晚餐。接下來3天，他們晚上不睡覺、吃東西，白天睡覺。進餐的時間雖有改變，但卡路里量一樣。
Total energy expenditure - how much energy (calories) the volunteers burned - went down when they switched to the nightshift pattern. Even though participants initially burned more fat - possibly because they slept less during the transition to nights, say the researchers from the University of Colorado - the energy expenditure over the three days of shift work was lower overall.
科羅拉多大學的研究人員說，自願者轉到夜班模式時，整體能量消耗下降，雖然他們一開始可能因為在轉換成夜班的期間睡眠較少而燃燒較多脂肪，但3天的夜班工作期間，能量消耗量整體來說較少。
單字：
work a nightshift 值夜班
work a graveyard shift 值大夜班
mess with sb. 招惹某人；和軍人用膳
mess with sth. 干擾；玩弄
metabolism un. 新陳代謝
expenditure un. 耗費
initially adv. 起初
transition cn. 轉變期；過渡期
文法：
1. rather than為「而不是」的意思，約等於片語instead of
常見用法如下
Susan prefers to stay indoors rather than stand outside in the cold.
= Susan would stay indoors rather than stand outside in the cold.
其後主要接上原型動詞，有對等的概念
但是放在句首則常接動名詞Ving
再者其後句子為過去式，那麼就使用動名詞Ving
Rather than taking a taxi, he rode a bike to school.
2. a trial 其後接上關係副詞where所引導的形容詞子句
此處的where可還原為on which
The researchers set a small trial.
On the trial, volunteers ate identical amounts as they switched between working days and nights on.
此兩句連接成一句
The researchers set a small trial on which volunteers ate identical amounts as they switched between working days and nights on.
= The researchers set a small trial where volunteers ate identical amounts as they switched between working days and nights on.
新聞辭典
be prone to sth. 易於~的，有~傾向的。
= be inclined to V
= be subject to N
例句：She's prone to exaggeration.
她喜歡誇大。
burn off 消耗(能量)
例句：Running is an excellent way to burn off excess calories.
跑步是消耗多餘熱量的絕佳辦法。
burn up 燒掉(小物件)
burn down 燒掉(建築物)
identical adj. 完全相同的
例句：The two rooms were virtually identical.
這兩個房間幾乎一模一樣。
similar adj. 相似的
A be similar to B
A和B相似
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